Article – Dr. Vet Pet Care

07/Oct/2024

Glaucoma in animals is a chronic eye disease that affects both dogs and cats, among other species. It is usually characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), which damages the optic nerve and retina, leading to progressive loss of vision and even blindness. As intraocular fluid, known as aqueous humor, accumulates due to a failure of its natural drainage, the pressure inside the eye increases, causing irreversible damage to the internal ocular structures.

The importance of the optic nerve and aqueous humor

The optic nerve is essential in the visual process, since it is responsible for transmitting the images captured by the retina to the brain, where they are processed to generate vision. This nerve is very sensitive to changes in pressure inside the eye. The aqueous humor, on the other hand, is a liquid that flows continuously inside the eye, providing nutrients to the internal ocular structures and eliminating waste. Under normal conditions, this fluid is drained through a specialized system in the iridocorneal angle, but in cases of glaucoma, this outflow is blocked or reduced, causing an accumulation of fluid that raises eye pressure.

There are two main types of glaucoma: primary glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Primary glaucoma is related to genetic and anatomical causes, being more frequent in predisposed breeds of dogs, such as Cocker Spaniel or Maltese Bichon. Secondary glaucoma, on the other hand, arises as a consequence of other ocular diseases or trauma, such as chronic uveitis, lens dislocation or cataracts. The latter type is more common in cats.

Symptoms of glaucoma in animals

Glaucoma is a difficult disease to detect in its early stages, as animals usually adapt to the gradual loss of vision without showing obvious symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, clinical signs become more evident. Symptoms of glaucoma include:

Red eyes
Severe eye pain, causing the animal to rub its eyes or avoid light.
Dilated pupils that do not respond adequately to light
Blurred vision
Nausea, vomiting, irritability and behavioral changes due to pain
Cloudy appearance or bluish halo in the affected eye
Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Disorientation or difficulty moving around in familiar spaces

In more advanced stages, animals may exhibit aggressive behavior or irritability due to severe pain. It is important to remember that animals can adapt to vision loss without noticing it in early stages, so regular veterinary checkups are crucial to detect and treat this disease early.

Diagnosis of glaucoma

Diagnosis of glaucoma requires a thorough ophthalmologic evaluation. The most common tests include tonometry, which measures IOP and determines whether it is within normal limits, and ophthalmoscopy, to assess the condition of the optic nerve and retina. In some cases, gonioscopy may be performed to observe the iridocorneal angle, where the aqueous humor drains, and to determine if there is an obstruction in the flow of this fluid.

Early detection is essential to prevent irreversible damage to the optic nerve and loss of vision. Unfortunately, in many pets glaucoma presents acutely, with obvious symptoms, making intervention urgent.

Treatment of glaucoma in animals

Treatment of glaucoma in animals is aimed at reducing IOP and preventing further vision loss. There are two main approaches: medical treatment and surgical treatment.

Medical treatment: In less severe cases, glaucoma can be managed with medications that reduce the production of aqueous humor or improve its drainage. These medications are usually eye drops, although systemic treatments are also available.
Surgical treatment: When medical treatment is not sufficient, surgery is used. There are two main options:
- Laser: Used to reduce the production of aqueous humor in the affected eye.
- Drainage implants: Valves or tubes are placed to allow the aqueous humor to drain out of the eye, reducing internal pressure.

Both treatments are aimed at preventing the progression of glaucoma and preserving vision, although in advanced cases blindness may be inevitable.

Nutraceuticals in the management of glaucoma

Nutraceuticals play a complementary role in the management of glaucoma, helping to protect the optic nerve and improve ocular microcirculation. Glauco+ from Dr+Vet by AndersenPets is an example of a supplement specially formulated for animals with glaucoma. It contains ingredients such as:

Ginkgo biloba, which improves ocular circulation and helps protect the optic nerve from ischemic damage.
Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry), rich in antioxidants that neutralize free radicals and improve ocular blood flow.
Citicoline, a neuroprotectant that supports visual function and the central nervous system by protecting retinal ganglion cells from oxidative stress.

The use of these nutraceuticals can help slow the progression of glaucoma and improve the quality of life of affected pets, although they should always be combined with appropriate medical and surgical treatment.

Glaucoma prevention

Since glaucoma can be asymptomatic in its early stages, prevention is key. Genetically predisposed breeds, such as Cocker Spaniel, French Bulldog and Maltese Bichon, should undergo regular ophthalmologic checkups to detect any early signs of the disease. In some cases, veterinarians may prescribe preventive eye drops to lower IOP in pets with a family history of glaucoma.

In general, glaucoma is a disease that requires multidisciplinary management. The combination of medication, surgery and nutraceuticals may offer a better prognosis and preserve vision longer. It is essential that veterinarians watch for clinical signs and educate guardians on the importance of ophthalmologic examinations to detect glaucoma early.

Dr+Vet

30/Sep/2024

Weight control in our pets is a growing concern.

As in humans, obesity in animals can trigger serious health problems such as diabetes, heart disease or joint disease. This is where L-Carnitine, a natural supplement derived from the amino acids lysine and methionine, can play an important role.

What is L-Carnitine?

L-Carnitine is an amino acid that acts as a transporter of fatty acids into the mitochondria of cells, where they are converted into energy. This process is crucial for fat metabolism, which helps promote weight loss in animals that are overweight or predisposed to gain weight easily.

This amino acid is present in red meats such as lamb and beef, although in small amounts. However, many times commercial pet diets do not contain enough L-Carnitine to generate the desired effects, so supplementation is necessary to achieve optimal levels that promote fat burning.

How does L-Carnitine work in pets?

L-Carnitine promotes the fatty acid oxidation process, which means it can improve metabolic efficiency and help burn stored fat. This process is particularly useful in overweight pets, as it helps increase the conversion of fat into energy, which promotes weight loss when combined with a balanced diet and adequate physical activity.

For cats or dogs suffering from obesity, L-Carnitine becomes a key supplement to safely reduce body fat. As in humans, it is recommended to combine it with regular exercise to improve its effectiveness.

Benefits of L-Carnitine in Animal Weight Management

Promotes fat burning: By transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria, it facilitates the utilization of stored fat as a source of energy.
Increases metabolism: This helps pets burn more calories, even at rest, improving weight management.
Protects muscle mass: By promoting fat burning, L-Carnitine helps preserve muscle mass, which is important during weight loss programs.

Use of L-Carnitine in Pet Products

Glyco from Dr+Vet by Andersenpets is a supplement specifically designed to aid in weight loss for dogs and cats, L-Carnitine is one of the main ingredients. This supplement not only includes L-Carnitine, but also other natural compounds that help control glucose metabolism and improve the overall health of the animal.

In addition to L-Carnitine Glyco also contains:

Hypoglycemic Substances: Ingredients that help balance blood glucose, which is essential to prevent metabolic disorders in overweight pets.
Group B Vitamins: These vitamins are crucial for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, converting food into energy and supporting a healthy metabolism.
Fatty Acids: Omega-3 is noted for its anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to joint health and mobility in obese animals.
Plant Extracts: Plant extracts with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.

Conclusion

L-Carnitine is an excellent ally for weight control in pets, helping to mobilize accumulated fats and promoting a more efficient metabolism. If your pet struggles with being overweight, consult your veterinarian about the possibility of including Glyco from Dr+Vet by Andersenpets in their diet to improve their health and quality of life.

You can purchase or recommend Glyco through StorePetcare!

Dr+Vet

21/Aug/2024

Cataracts are an eye condition that can affect both dogs and cats, and although more common in older animals, they can also develop in younger pets due to genetic factors or underlying diseases. Understanding how cataracts form, how they worsen over time and what treatment options are available is crucial to providing the best care for our pets.

What are Cataracts?

A cataract is a clouding of the crystalline lens, the clear lens of the eye that focuses light onto the retina. When the lens becomes opaque, a pet’s vision is impaired. Depending on the severity of the cataract, this can range from a slight decrease in vision to complete blindness.

Cataracts can affect one or both eyes, and their development can be gradual or rapid. Although they occur more frequently in dogs than in cats, both species can be affected.

How do cataracts form?

Cataracts develop due to a change in the structure of the lens proteins, which causes them to become opaque instead of transparent. This process can have several causes:

1. Genetic factors

In dogs, genetic cataracts are a common cause, especially in certain breeds. Breeds such as the Cocker Spaniel, Poodle, and Golden Retriever have a genetic predisposition to develop cataracts, often at an early age. In cats, although genetic cataracts are less common, certain breeds may also be predisposed.

2. Metabolic Diseases

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of cataracts in dogs. In diabetic animals, elevated glucose levels in the lens cause a buildup of sorbitol, a substance that attracts water to the lens, leading to swelling and opacification. This type of cataract can develop rapidly, in a matter of weeks or months.

3. Trauma

Eye injuries, such as severe blows to the eye, can damage the lens and trigger the formation of a cataract. In these cases, the cataract usually develops in the affected eye and may be progressive.

4. Inflammatory Diseases

Uveitis, an inflammation of the eye that can be caused by infections or autoimmune diseases, can also induce cataract formation. Chronic inflammation can alter the composition of the ocular fluid, affecting the lens and favoring its opacification.

5. Age

Natural aging is a common cause of cataracts in older pets. Over time, biochemical changes in the lens cause proteins to clump together, forming opaque areas that make vision difficult.

Cataract Progression

The rate at which a cataract progresses can vary depending on the underlying cause. Some cataracts remain stable and do not significantly affect vision for years, while others may worsen rapidly.

In early stages, the cataract may be small and affect only a portion of the lens, causing a slight decrease in vision. Over time, the cataract may grow and cover more areas of the lens, resulting in more severe visual loss.

If left untreated, an advanced cataract can lead to additional complications, such as glaucoma. This occurs when clouding of the lens disrupts the circulation of aqueous humor, the fluid that nourishes and maintains eye pressure. The increased pressure inside the eye can damage the optic nerve, leading to permanent blindness if left untreated.

Cataract Treatments for Pets

Treatment for cataracts depends on the degree of visual impairment and the underlying cause. Currently, there are no medical treatments that can reverse a cataract, so intervention usually focuses on symptom management or surgery.

1. Medical Treatment

Although there are no medications that can eliminate a cataract once it has formed, medical treatment may be helpful in certain cases:

Anti-inflammatory drops and eye medication: In cases of cataracts related to ocular inflammation or uveitis, medications can be used to reduce inflammation and prevent further complications, such as glaucoma. Drops can also help control pain and irritation.
Control of underlying disease: In pets with diabetes-induced cataracts, it is critical to control blood glucose levels to prevent rapid progression of cataracts and other diabetes-related complications.
Use of nutraceuticals: Some nutraceuticals with antioxidants and vitamins beneficial to the eye can help slow the rate of cataract development. One of them would be Occulus+ from Dr+Vet by AndersenPets.

While medical treatments can alleviate symptoms or slow the progression, they do not eliminate cataracts, so the most effective option is still surgery.

2. Surgical Treatment

Surgery is the only definitive treatment to remove cataracts and restore vision. The most commonly used technique is phacoemulsification, similar to cataract surgery in humans.

Phacoemulsification procedure

During surgery, the veterinarian makes a small incision in the eye and uses ultrasound to fragment and remove the cloudy lens. An artificial intraocular lens is then placed in the eye to replace the natural lens, restoring the eye’s ability to focus.

Cataract surgery in pets has a high success rate, with most animals regaining functional vision. However, it is not without risks, such as infection, inflammation or postoperative complications, so proper follow-up after the procedure is important.

Requirements for Surgery

Not all animals are ideal candidates for surgery. The veterinarian will evaluate the pet’s general health, the condition of the eyes and whether there are other conditions, such as advanced glaucoma or retinal detachment, that could affect the success of the operation.

Conclusion

Cataracts in pets, although common, can significantly affect their quality of life if left untreated. From their formation to their progression, early diagnosis is critical to consider the most appropriate treatment options. Surgery is the most effective treatment to restore vision in animals with advanced cataracts, while medical management can help control symptoms and prevent complications. Regular veterinary follow-up is essential to ensure that our pets enjoy a full and healthy life, even in their old age.

Dr+Vet

23/Jul/2024

Feline obesity is a growing problem that affects a large number of domestic cats.

This problem not only decreases the quality of life of our pets, but can also lead to serious health complications such as diabetes, fatty liver and osteoarthritis due to joint overload. Nowadays, a good diet is essential to help your cat lose weight in a healthy way. Discover everything about this silent disease in our blog today.

How do you know if a cat is obese?

Obesity is the most common form of malnutrition among pets. It is estimated that between 25% and 30% of cats suffer from obesity. A cat is considered obese when its weight exceeds its ideal weight by 20% due to excessive fat accumulation. For example, in a “normal” European cat weighing about 4kg, if it weighed 4.8kg it would already fall into the obese category.

The ideal weight that a cat should have will depend on its age, sex and breed. A cat at its ideal weight will have a visible waist when viewed from above, in addition to being able to feel the ribs on the sides by touch without them being visible.

If the ribs and spine are visible to the naked eye, the cat is in poor body condition and should be checked by a veterinarian. However, if you can’t easily feel the ribs due to a layer of fat and there is no visible waist, your cat is likely overweight.

Why do cats get fat?

Ideally, cats should receive an amount of food that keeps their weight in a healthy range. Obesity in cats can be caused by multiple factors, including:

Inadequate diet : Foods high in calories and low in dietary fiber.
Lack of exercise : Domestic cats tend to be less active.
Genetic factors : Some breeds are more likely to gain weight.
Overfeeding : Overfeeding, especially with treats and treats.

Dangers of Feline Obesity

Obesity in cats can cause several serious diseases such as:

Diabetes

Excess weight increases the risk of cats developing diabetes mellitus. This disease is characterized by a deficiency in insulin production or an inadequate response to insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.

Fatty Liver (Hepatic Lipidosis)

Hepatic lipidosis is a serious condition that occurs when the liver becomes overloaded with fat, which can lead to liver failure. Obese cats are particularly susceptible to this disease, especially if they lose weight quickly.

Osteoarthritis

Excess weight puts extra stress on the joints, which can lead to osteoarthritis. This degenerative joint disease causes pain and decreased mobility, significantly affecting cats’ quality of life. Furthermore, by reducing the level of exercise due to pain, it also feeds back to weight gain, worsening the disease.

How to make a cat lose weight?

Adequate Diet

A balanced and adequate diet is essential to help your cat lose weight:

Low-calorie foods : Opt for foods specifically formulated for overweight cats. There is light feed, light wet food…
Controlled portions : Avoid overfeeding, limit a maximum amount of food per day.
Foods rich in protein : They help maintain muscle mass while losing fat.
Fibers : They help maintain the feeling of satiety and regulate intestinal transit.

Exercise

Increasing your cat’s physical activity is crucial for weight loss. Play with your cat using interactive toys, and encourage the use of cat trees and scratching posts to keep him active.

Nutritional supplements: Glyco by Dr+Vet by AndersenPets

Glyco from Dr+Vet by AndersenPets is a supplement for dogs and cats specially formulated to help in the weight loss process that contains active ingredients that promote weight loss safely and effectively:

L -Carnitine is an amino acid that helps increase the body’s energy consumption, promoting fat burning. In addition, Glyco is formulated with several hypoglycemic substances that can help obese animals in their goal of reaching their ideal weight.

How long does it take for a cat to lose weight?

Weight loss in cats should be gradual to avoid health problems. A cat can safely lose 1-2% of its body weight per week. This loss must also be controlled by your trusted veterinarian, since the pet’s evolution must be closely monitored.

Conclusion

Feline obesity is a serious problem that requires proper attention. Combining a balanced diet with exercise and supplements like Glyco from Dr+Vet by AndersenPets can make a big difference in your cat’s health and quality of life. Always remember to consult with your veterinarian to create the most appropriate weight loss plan for your pet.

Dr+Vet

28/Jun/2024

Chronic small intestinal gastroenteritis/enteritis in pets is a common condition that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of animals and their owners.

This pathology is characterized by prolonged inflammation of the small intestine, which can result in persistent symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, and nutrient malabsorption. In this article, we will address the management of chronic gastroenteritis and highlight the role of nutraceuticals, particularly Dr+Vet’s Digestum, in the treatment of this condition.

Causes and Diagnosis of Chronic Enteritis

Chronic enteritis can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial, parasitic or viral infections, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), food intolerances, and autoimmune diseases. Diagnosis usually requires a combination of clinical history, physical examinations, laboratory tests (hematology, blood chemistry), fecal analysis, imaging tests (x-rays, ultrasounds), and, in some cases, endoscopy with intestinal biopsies and fecal cultures.

Management of Chronic Enteritis

Management of chronic small intestinal enteritis usually involves a combination of dietary modifications, drug therapy, and, increasingly, the use of nutraceuticals. Dietary strategies may include elimination diets, hypoallergenic diets, and high-fiber diets. Drug therapy may include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatory agents.

The Role of Nutraceuticals in the Management of Chronic Enteritis

Nutraceuticals have gained popularity as a complementary treatment option due to their safety profile and the potential benefits they offer. Digestum from Dr+Vet by AndersenPets is a nutraceutical specifically formulated to support intestinal health in cases of chronic enteritis. Let’s look at the key components of Digestum and its benefits:

Plasma Proteins

Plasma proteins have been shown to have positive effects on intestinal and general immunity. They work by modulating the immune response, which can help reduce intestinal inflammation and improve mucosal integrity. Plasma proteins can also stimulate cell proliferation and repair of damaged tissues. The concentrations of plasma proteins in Digestum exceed the minimum recommended daily intake, ensuring its effectiveness in the intestine of pets.

Hemp Flour

Hemp flour is rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, it contains fiber, which can help regulate intestinal transit and improve stool consistency. Hemp flour is also a good source of plant proteins and antioxidants, which can support the animal’s overall health.

Prebiotics and Probiotics

Prebiotics, such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), are non-digestible fibers that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. Probiotics (enterococci faecium) are live microorganisms that, administered in adequate quantities, confer health benefits to the host. The combination of prebiotics and probiotics in Digestum helps maintain a healthy balance of the intestinal microbiota, which is crucial for good digestion and nutrient absorption.

Aloe vera

Aloe vera is known for its anti-inflammatory and calming properties. In the context of chronic enteritis, aloe vera can help reduce gastric inflammation and promote healing of the intestinal mucosa. In addition, it has immunomodulatory properties that can benefit animals with immune dysfunctions.

Vitamins B9 and B12

Vitamins B9 (folic acid) and B12 (cobalamin) are essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production. In animals with chronic enteritis, there may be malabsorption of these vitamins, which may contribute to anemia and general weakness. Supplementation with these vitamins in Digestum helps prevent these deficiencies and maintain the general health of the animal.

Benefits of Digestum in the Management of Chronic Enteritis

Digestum offers a comprehensive formulation that addresses multiple aspects of intestinal health. Its components work synergistically to reduce inflammation, improve the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, and support general immunity. This can result in a reduction in clinical symptoms, improved nutrient absorption, and an overall improvement in the animal’s quality of life.

Summary of Digestum Benefits:

Reduction of intestinal and gastric inflammation: thanks to hemp flour and aloe vera.

Improvement of intestinal and general immunity: through plasma proteins.

Support for the intestinal microbiota: with the combination of prebiotics and probiotics.

Prevention of vitamin deficiencies: with the supplementation of vitamins B9 and B12.

Conclusion

Chronic small intestinal gastroenteritis/enteritis is a complex condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach to management. Nutraceuticals, such as Digestum from Dr+Vet by AndersenPets, offer a valuable and safe option to complement traditional therapeutic strategies. By incorporating natural and scientifically supported ingredients, Digestum can help improve the intestinal health and overall well-being of pets suffering from this debilitating condition.

For veterinarians, it is crucial to stay up to date on the latest research and products available that can improve the care and quality of life of their patients. Digestum represents an effective and accessible tool to address the challenges associated with chronic small intestinal enteritis, providing an additional option in the veterinarian’s therapeutic arsenal.

Dr+Vet

21/May/2024

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of nutraceuticals for retinal diseases.

Despite advances in pharmaceutical therapies, the protection of retinal neural tissue remains a significant challenge due to its limited regenerative capacity. In this context, research on the efficacy of nutraceuticals has become relevant, especially in the field of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this article, we will focus on the key ingredients present in Retinae, a nutraceutical product designed to maintain ocular health and prevent retinopathy.

The Retina

The retina is a highly specialized structure that lines the back of the eye and plays a crucial role in transmitting visual signals to the brain. Composed of several cell layers, the retina is highly vulnerable to damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation, which are contributing factors in the development of diseases such as AMD. Maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the retina is critical to preserving visual health throughout life.

Retinae and RetinaeXL Ingredients

Tagetes erecta (Carotenoids – Lutein and Zeaxanthin):

Carotenoids, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, are plant pigments with antioxidant properties. Clinical studies, such as the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), have shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may help protect the retina against oxidative damage and cellular degeneration associated with AMD. Supplementation with these carotenoids has shown significant benefits in preventing disease progression and preserving visual function.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids:

Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known for their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Studies have shown that omega-3 supplementation can reduce retinal inflammation and neovascularization, two processes involved in the pathogenesis of AMD. In addition, omega-3 can modulate gene expression and improve retinal cell function, which contributes to the preservation of ocular health.

Vitamins (C, E, B [B6, B9, B12])

Antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, play a crucial role in protecting the retina against oxidative stress. In addition, B vitamins, including B6, B9 and B12, are involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the prevention of neurodegeneration. Supplementation with these vitamins can help maintain retinal health and prevent the development of diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and AMD.

Minerals (Zinc and Copper)

Zinc and copper are essential minerals for cellular function and normal metabolism. Zinc supplementation can protect the retina against oxidative damage and cellular degeneration associated with AMD. In addition, copper plays an important role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, thus contributing to overall ocular health.

Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, may help protect the retina against damage caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. Studies have shown that lactoferrin can modulate the immune response and reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.

Conclusion

Retinae’s unique composition, which includes a combination of carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and lactoferrin, offers a comprehensive strategy for the maintenance of ocular health and the prevention of retinopathies. By addressing multiple mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diseases such as AMD, Retinae is a nutritional supplement that delivers all of these nutrients to the body and the retina.

Download the PDF for more detailed information on the composition of Retinae and bibliographic references to the studies mentioned.

More information about Rethinopathies in our Blog: https://drvet.pet/en/all-about-progressive-retinal-atrophy/

Dr+Vet

30/Apr/2024

The gastrointestinal health of pets is critical to their overall well-being.

Among the most common gastrointestinal problems is diarrhea, which can be a symptom of various medical conditions and disorders. In this extensive article, we will explore diarrhea in pets in depth, from its causes and symptoms to its diagnosis and treatment. In addition, we will specifically address chronic large bowel diarrhea, detailing its characteristics, causes and available treatment options.

What is Diarrhea?

Diarrhea in dogs is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by loose or watery stools, which can occur acutely or chronically. When a dog experiences both vomiting and diarrhea at the same time, it is called gastroenteritis. Diarrhea can originate in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to different forms of the condition. If the diarrhea comes from the small intestine, it is known as enteritis, while if it comes from the large intestine, it is called colitis.

Causes of Diarrhea in Dogs

Diarrhea in dogs can have a wide variety of causes, which include:

Intestinal parasites.
Viral or bacterial infections.
Dietary changes.
Systemic diseases such as: renal, hepatic or pancreatic problems.
Ingestion of foreign bodies.
Immune-mediated diseases.
Oncological diseases.

Symptoms of Diarrhea

The symptoms of diarrhea vary according to its origin. Dogs with large intestinal diarrhea may have more frequent but smaller stools, possibly with fresh (red) blood, while those with small intestinal diarrhea may experience softer, bulkier stools with digested (dark) blood. Other symptoms may include loss of appetite, weight loss and behavioral changes.

What Can You Do for Your Pet?

If your dog has diarrhea, it is important to pay attention to his general condition and note the frequency and characteristics of the stools. Watching for signs of dehydration, monitoring his temperature and making sure he has access to sufficient water are key steps. In addition, monitoring his diet and avoiding foods that may worsen the situation is essential.

When to go to the Veterinarian?

It is advisable to take your dog to the veterinarian if his condition worsens, if diarrhea persists for more than 24 hours, if there is blood in the stool, if you suspect ingestion of foreign objects or toxic substances, or if he presents fever or hypothermia.

Diagnosis and Treatment

At the veterinarian, they will perform tests that they believe necessary to find out the origin of this diarrhea: stool analysis, blood tests, radiographs, ultrasound and endoscopies. Treatment will vary depending on the diagnosis, but may include intravenous fluid therapy, medications such as antibiotics or antiparasitics, dietary adjustments….

Focus on Chronic Large Bowel Diarrhea

Chronic large bowel diarrhea is a condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. In this segment, we will explore the causes, symptoms and specific treatment options for this form of diarrhea, with a special emphasis on the role of nutrition in controlling symptoms and improving the quality of life of affected animals.

Chronic large bowel diarrhea in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, such as food intolerances, infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, stress and diseases similar to irritable bowel syndrome. Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for effective treatment: which may include dietary therapy, medication, probiotics and stress management.

Dietary intervention plays a key role in the treatment of chronic large bowel diarrhea. A diet rich in highly digestible protein, low in fat and with both soluble and insoluble sources of fiber is recommended. In addition, supplements with probiotics, prebiotics such as Colitum from Dr+Vet can help restore intestinal balance and control symptoms.

Conclusion

Diarrhea in dogs is a common problem that can be worrisome for pet owners. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, many cases of diarrhea can be successfully managed. It is critical to work in collaboration with a veterinarian to develop an individualized treatment plan that addresses your dog’s specific needs and promotes his long-term gastrointestinal health.

In summary, taking care of your pet’s gastrointestinal health is essential to ensure his overall well-being and quality of life. Whenever you notice changes in their behavior or symptoms of digestive distress, don’t hesitate to consult your veterinarian for proper guidance and care.

Dr+Vet

25/Mar/2024

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS), also known as “dry eye,” is a common ophthalmic condition in dogs and cats that affects the ocular surface, specifically the cornea and conjunctiva.

This disease results from the deficiency of some of the phases of the tear film, which leads to tear hyperosmolarity and, consequently, a series of ocular complications that can compromise the visual health of the animal.

The structure of the tear

To better understand KCS, it is important to know the three layers that make up the tear film and their functions:

Mucinous layer: This layer, the innermost, modifies the surface tension of the tear so that it adheres and distributes properly over the surface of the eye. Mucin is produced and secreted mainly in conjunctival goblet cells.
Aqueous layer: The intermediate layer, and the most abundant, hydrates the ocular surface and transports nutrients and oxygen essential for the metabolism of the cornea. It also acts as a flushing mechanism to remove debris and foreign bodies. This watery portion is produced and secreted in the main and accessory lacrimal glands.
Lipid layer: The outermost layer protects the aqueous layer from evaporation, allowing the tear to remain in the eye longer. In addition, it increases the surface tension of the tear, preventing overflow over the edge of the eyelid and lubricating the eyelids. This layer is produced and secreted mainly in the meibomian glands.

KCS classification

The KCS can be classified into two main types:

Qualitative KCS: It is produced by a pathological decrease in the lipid or mucoid components of the tear film, which makes it difficult for it to remain on the cornea, either due to excess evaporation or difficulty adhering. It is usually due to damage or inflammation in the meibomian glands or goblet cells of the conjunctiva.
Quantitative KCS: It is produced by a pathological decrease in the aqueous component of the tear film. It can have various causes, the most common being localized and chronic immune-mediated inflammation of the lacrimal gland. This is the most common form of KCS, and in most cases it progresses to a mixed form (quantitative and qualitative) over time.

What symptoms does it cause?

Symptoms of KCS may include mucosal exudate, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal opacity, neovascularization, corneal edema, and ulceration, among others. The diagnosis of KCS requires a thorough evaluation of the patient’s medical history and specific ophthalmological tests, such as the Schirmer Test, Fluorescein Test, and the Lysamine Green Test.

What treatment is used?

Treatment of KCS may include artificial tears, topical immunosuppressants, and surgical treatments, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the disease. Additionally, supplementation with specific nutraceuticals such as LACRIMALIS+ can help manage this disease, offering natural help to maintain pets’ eye health.

If your pet presents symptoms compatible with this disease, go to your trusted veterinarian for correct diagnosis and treatment.

Dr+Vet

16/Jan/2024

When our pets get older, just like us, they start to require some special care and also a more exhaustive veterinary follow-up than during the rest of their lives.

From approximately 8 years of age, we recommend an annual visit where the veterinarian can check the weight, general physical condition, perform analytical or other tests if necessary. In these controls can be diagnosed diseases that do not yet have clinical signs and in which early treatment can slow the progression or development of such disease.

In this article we are going to focus on the most common vision defect in geriatric pets: cataracts. One of the most frequent ocular affections we see in the veterinary practice are cataracts. The origin of these cataracts is usually associated with age and degeneration of the crystalline lens due to the increase of its layers and the oxidative damage it suffers during its life. Other causes of cataracts can be diabetes mellitus, blows or trauma, congenital/hereditary or retinal atrophy.

How does a cataract form?
The crystalline lens is a lens formed by several layers located inside the eye, its function is to concentrate light so that it is properly projected on the retina. With the passage of time and the natural aging process, the lens tends to accumulate additional layers. This gradual process of layer accumulation can cause the lens to become denser and less transparent.

How do we detect that our pet has cataracts?
At home we can suspect the presence of cataracts and it will be the veterinarian who will confirm the diagnosis and will be able to tell us what treatment we can offer to our pet. If detected and treated in time, cataracts should not be a problem. At home we will be able to see a certain whitish or bluish opacity (at the beginning) in the crystalline lens. If the cataract is more advanced, we will clearly see the opacity or that the animal is hitting obstacles it may encounter due to the difficulty of vision.

In early stages (A,B), when it is not yet mature, there are still non-surgical treatment options such as dietary supplementation with vitamins and antioxidants to slow the onset of cataracts. Specialized nutritional supplements such as Occulus+ from Dr+Vet could be used to provide vitamins A, C, E and antioxidant minerals to slow the progression of the disease.

Once the cataract has evolved (C), a specialist veterinarian will indicate the best surgical solution, after an exhaustive review of the pet’s health and vision. Cataracts are an operable disease with a high success rate (around 90%). Post-surgical recovery usually takes a few days with anti-inflammatory eye drops and antibiotics until medical discharge.

Phases of cataract

Figure 1. Phases of cataract in dogs: A. Initial phase B. Immature cataract Immature cataract C. Mature cataract (point of surgery).
As the lens becomes less transparent and light can no longer pass through it clearly. In simple terms, the additional layers in the lens alter its original structure causing irreversible damage that affects its ability to focus light properly on the retina.

The Dr+Vet formula: Occulus+
As mentioned above, Dr+Vet offers the nutritional supplement Occulus+ recently reformulated to increase its antioxidant potential with alpha lipoic acid. This product contains abundant vitamins, minerals and antioxidant components that promote overall eye health and help slow disease progression.

Dr+Vet

14/Dec/2023

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a condition of the ocular surface (cornea and conjunctiva) secondary to a deficiency of one of the phases of the tear film and has a prevalence in dogs of 0.4%, according to the IVO.

Qualitative QCS is characterized by a pathological decrease of lipid or mucoid components in the tear film. This leads to tear hyperosmolarity due to increased evaporation. It is more common in brachiocephalic breeds and in cases of lagophthalmos.

In this study, conducted in collaboration with the Instituto Veterinario Oftalmologico (IVO), a comprehensive evaluation of different therapeutic approaches for qualitative QCS was performed.

Ten dogs were selected, including five brachiocephalic breeds, with a two-month follow-up. The selected patients had blepharospasm, epiphora, increased serous secretions compared to normal, or a combination of these symptoms at the first visit and, in order to be included in the present study, had to have Schirmer’s test (STT-1) values above 10 mm/min.

Cases with corneal ulcer and those under treatment that could interfere with the diagnostic tests were excluded. A series of diagnostic tests were performed, such as Schirmer’s test (STT-1), fluorescein test, break-up time (TBUT), lissamine green test, impression cytology (CIC) and OSA-VET®.

The selected treatment included the use of topical moisturizers and lubricants as tear replacements. In addition, Dr+Vet’s Lacrimalis food supplement, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, lactoferrin, vitamins C and E, Zinc and Copper, was implemented.

The results indicated significant improvements in print cytology, interferometry and tear film breakup time. There was a slight reduction in tear production, possibly attributed to decreased compensatory reflex due to hyperosmolarity.

Conclusions

This clinical case comparison underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of qualitative QCS. The combination of topical moisturizers and lubricants with the supplement Lacrimalis offers a promising perspective in the management of this condition.

The clinical case comparison performed by the IVO provides a valuable contribution to the approach to qualitative QCS in dogs. We thank Drs. Maria Simó and Francisco Simó for their collaboration in this first approach to the use of nutraceuticals in ocular diseases in dogs.

You can consult the comparative of clinical cases here (in spanish): COMPARATIVA DE 10 CASOS CLÍNICOS EN PERROS CON KCS CUALITATIVA

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Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS), also known as “dry eye,” is a common ophthalmic condition in dogs and cats that affects the ocular surface, specifically the cornea and conjunctiva.

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The Instituto Veterinario Oftalmológico (IVO) performs a comparison of clinical cases with Dr+Vet’s nutraceutical Lacrimalis in 10 dogs and evaluating the tear film.

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